I have no community-ee or AAP experience but baseed on the error message I would suggest you check if there a root user in /etc/passwd on the server in question?
looks weird to me. I can’t remember having seen this error with community.vmware before, and I’ve seen a lot. Actually, the modules in the collection don’t care about /etc/passwd because they’re talking to the vSphere (vCenter or ESXi) API. So I guess it has something to do with AAP and / or EEs. Although there might be an issue in case you’re using guest customization. On the other hand, in that case it should also fail if you try to run this manually. Which is not the case, as far as I understand. So ATM looking at the configuration of AAP or the EE is my best bet.
Maybe it would help to provide some more information, like your playbook and where it fails. Or at least the task that fails.